Clinical aspects of the relationship between diet, gut microbiota composition and development of steatosis hepatis
ORIGINAL PAPERS
Abstract
Introduction.Metabolically associated fatty liver disease is a progressive disorder linked to an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and elevated cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The pathogenesis of metabolically associated fatty liver disease is increasingly understood as a multisystem disorder.This study aimedto investigate and characterize alterations in gut microbiome composition and structure in patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease, stratified by the severity of hepatic steatosis.Materials and methods.The gut microbiome of 21 patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease was analyzed using 16S r RNA gene metagenomic sequencing. Targeted amplification of 16S r RNA gene fragments was performed, followed by nucleotide sequencing. Hepatic steatosis was assessed using shear wave ultrasound elastography. Patients were classified into two groups based on steatosis severity: low-grade (S0–S1) and high-grade (S2–S3).Results.The final dataset comprised 320 amplicon sequence variants representing 98 microbial genera. Beta-diversity analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in dispersion between the steatosis groups (p <0.001), indicating greater variability in microbial composition with disease progression. Linear discriminant analysis identified genera characteristic of each group: low-grade steatosis was associated withEscherichia–Shigella,Ruminococcus torques,Streptococcus, andLactococcus, whereas high-grade steatosis was marked byBifidobacteriumandAkkermansia muciniphila. Heatmap analysis demonstrated clear clustering of the low- and high-grade groups, corroborating significant differences in microbial representation.Conclusion.These findings reinforce the link between gut dysbiosis and hepatic steatosis progression. The discriminative microbial taxa identified may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of metabolically associated fatty liver disease.
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