Микробиота от рождения и до старости
ОБЗОРЫ
Аннотация
В работе проанализирована динамика микробиоты человека от внутриутробного периода до старости. Обобщены данные, опровергающие стерильность плода и показывающие роль материнской микробиоты в раннем микробном профиле. Рассмотрены ключевые факторы, влияющие на микробиоту: способ родоразрешения, тип вскармливания, прикорм и гормональные изменения в пубертате. Для взрослых изучены диета, фармакологические агенты, курение, стресс и контакт с животными. У пожилых людей отмечены снижение разнообразия микробиоты, уменьшение численности полезных бактерий и рост условно-патогенных микроорганизмов, что связано с хроническим воспалением. Подчеркнута высокая индивидуальная вариабельность микробиоты, обусловленная образом жизни, генетикой и коморбидностями. Перспективы включают стандартизацию методов, изучение микробиоты долгожителей и разработку персонализированных подходов к лечению дисбиозов.
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